1. Ethanol in Alcohol:
The type of alcohol commonly consumed in beverages is ethanol, which is both water and fat-soluble, allowing it to easily reach and affect the brain.
2. Absorption and Metabolism:
Alcohol is primarily absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized in the liver, converting ethanol to the toxic acetaldehyde and then to the less harmful acetate.
3. Initial Effects on the Brain:
Upon consumption, alcohol stimulates dopamine release, creating feelings of euphoria, sociability, and decreased inhibition.
4. Sedative Properties:
Despite its initial stimulating effects, alcohol is a depressant. It binds to GABA receptors, leading to sedation and decreased brain activity, and inhibits glutamate receptors, reducing cognitive functions.
5. Metabolism Rates:
Younger people and regular drinkers metabolize alcohol faster, leading to quicker transitions from stimulation to sedation. Women tend to metabolize alcohol slower due to fewer enzymes and smaller body mass.
6. Effects of Food:
Eating, especially fats and proteins, can slow alcohol absorption, giving the body more time to metabolize it and reducing its immediate effects.
7. Individual Variability in Responses:
People who metabolize alcohol slowly experience prolonged euphoria and disinhibition, while those who metabolize it quickly become sedated and sleepy sooner.
8. Mood and Aggression:
Alcohol can exacerbate a person's pre-existing mood. Large quantities, coupled with negative emotions, can lead to aggression and poor judgment due to high dopamine levels and decreased glutamate activity.
9. Genetic Factors:
Many Asians have a genetic variation affecting alcohol metabolism, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, causing unpleasant symptoms like skin flushing and nausea.
Disclaimer:

This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.