Chronic Autoimmune Disease: Lupus is a lifelong condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage.

Commonly Affects Women: SLE is significantly more common in women, with a prevalence rate eight to nine times higher than in men, particularly affecting women of childbearing age.

Butterfly Rash: One of the most recognizable symptoms of lupus, characterized by a red, butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, occurring in approximately 60% of lupus patients.

Discoid Rash: Disc-shaped, red, scaly lesions that appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin. These lesions can cause significant scarring and are a hallmark of discoid lupus, which can sometimes progress to systemic lupus.

Photosensitivity: Individuals with lupus often experience worsening of symptoms with sun exposure, including rashes and other skin issues.

Mouth and Nose Ulcers: Painless ulcers with white or yellow centers inside the mouth and nose are common in lupus and are a distinctive symptom compared to other conditions that cause painful ulcers.

Lupus Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys due to antibody deposits, leading to symptoms like foamy urine (proteinuria) and microscopic blood in the urine (microhematuria).

Fatigue and Joint Pain: Widespread symptoms in lupus patients, with joint pain often being symmetrical and migratory, accompanied by morning stiffness or pain after periods of inactivity.

Complications Without Treatment: If untreated, lupus can lead to severe complications, such as chronic kidney damage requiring dialysis or transplantation, increased cardiovascular disease risk, and a heightened susceptibility to infections.

Prognosis with Treatment: With appropriate treatment, patients with lupus can achieve a normal lifespan, although untreated lupus has a poor prognosis, especially after 10 years from diagnosis.

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Genetic and Environmental Factors: Lupus development is influenced by genetic predisposition, female sex hormones, ultraviolet exposure, and viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus.

Immune Complexes: The formation of antibody-antigen complexes, especially involving DNA and nuclear proteins, leads to tissue damage and is a central feature of lupus pathology.

Hydroxychloroquine: A cornerstone of long-term lupus treatment, this medication helps modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, usually prescribed for life to prevent disease flare-ups and organ damage.

Corticosteroids: Used for short-term control of lupus flare-ups, but long-term use can cause significant side effects, making it important to use the lowest effective dose.

Sun Protection and Vaccinations: Preventive measures, such as avoiding sun exposure and staying current with vaccinations, are crucial for managing lupus and preventing exacerbations and infections.

Disclaimer:

This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.