What are some solutions to climate change, and which ones are the most effective? In this video, I cover carbon sequestration & albedo cooling climate change solutions. We go over afforestation, reforestation, soil regeneration, silicate weathering, and ocean fertilization, all of which sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. And then, we cover some ways we can induce cooling through increasing Earth's albedo, or surface reflectivity, like releasing sulfur aerosols to the upper atmosphere where they reflect sunlight and induce cloud formation, or making more roofs white, which reflect more sunlight than dark roofs, or throwing a big mirror up into space! However, all of these climate 'solutions' have risks and potential consequences, so we cover these as well, and we go over which one or ones are most effective in combating the current global warming trend.

0:00 Why We Need to Sequester Carbon
1:52 4 Ways We Can Sequester Carbon
4:27 (1) Afforestation & Reforestation
5:41 (2) Soil Regeneration
11:29 (3) Silicate Weathering
18:13 (4) Ocean Fertilization
25:28 Can Seaweed Farming Fix Everything?
28:35 Which C Sequestration Method is Best?
32:10 Non-Carbon-Related Climate Solutions

References:
Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change, 4th Ed. https://amzn.to/41CDHVz
Paustian et al., 2019 (Soil C sequestration article): https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
Soil-based C sequestration (2021 article explaining how soil sequesters C and its limitations): https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/so...
Kiss The Ground documentary (link to trailer:    • Kiss the Ground Film Trailer (2020)  ) I highly recommend this documentary guys! I have watched it 4 times already because I keep showing it to everyone I know, it is so enlightening and inspiring!
Montserrat et al., 2017: Olivine Dissolution in Seawater: Implications for CO2 Sequestration through Enhanced Weathering in Coastal Environments- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05942
Keeling et al., 2009: Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marin...
Watson et al., 2017: Ocean deoxygenation, the global phosphorus cycle and the possibility of human-caused large-scale ocean anoxia- https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0318
Pitcher et al., 2021: Ocean oxygen depletion: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021...
WHOI article about ocean fertilization: https://web.whoi.edu/ocb-fert/what-is...
Benefits of seaweed (2023 Nature article): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01...
Other helpful sources on CO2 variations in atmospheric & marine systems:
   • NASA | A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2  
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4565
https://www.climate.gov/news-features...
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-00...

GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

Hey there, Earth enthusiast! Check my favorite Earth-friendly products:
Bamboo toilet paper: https://shrsl.com/3cvku
Bamboo paper towels: https://shrsl.com/3cvkw
Compostable tableware: https://shrsl.com/3cvkz
Compostable trash bags: https://shrsl.com/3cvl0
Bamboo cutlery + straw! : https://shrsl.com/3cwfl
Eco-Friendly Tote (great for grocery shopping!): https://shrsl.com/3cwfp
Reusable straws + cleaning brushes (my fav!): https://shrsl.com/3cwft
Eco-friendly laundry detergent: https://shrsl.com/3cwgo

Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://shrsl.com/3d0t2
(Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!)

Non-textbook books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny
Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2
Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l
Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke

Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv
Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc

Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!