The placebo effect is the phenomenon where someone derives a benefit after receiving a sham treatment. This is the story of how scientists learned wha the placebo effect is and how they utilized it in clinical trials. Make sure to check out the sources for recommended reading!

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
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📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Placebos by Kathryn Hall (affiliate link) https://amzn.to/4aDbCA9
A line-by-line breakdown can be found on Patreon. You do not have to pay to access it.   / 105448923  

Placebo response vs effect (2021) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Placebo effects and the molecular biological components involved (2019) https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/gpsych...
Early history of placebo (2013) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

William Cullen first use of placebo (1772) https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/cull...
Cullen secondary https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Haygarth Of The Imagination (1800) https://wellcomecollection.org/works/...
Elisha Perkins https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Beecher: Powerful Placebo (1955) https://www.dcscience.net/beecher-pla...
Hernstein scopolamine (1958) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Patulin study reprint (1944) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15082...
Patulin study commentary https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Streptomycin study commentary https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Levine, Fields, Gordon Naloxone study (1978) https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Parkinsons and placebos (2021) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Placebo effects and the molecular biological components involved (2019) https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/gpsych...
To tell the truth, the whole truth: nocebo effect in informed consent (2013) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
AMA Code of Ethics placebo https://code-medical-ethics.ama-assn....

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:47 Cullen and early placebo
2:50 Haygarth and Perkins Tractors
6:47 Beecher and The Powerful Placebo
9:40 How does placebo effect work in the brain?
17:20 The Nocebo effect

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory