(EN) The Potala Palace is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was named after Mount Potala, the abode of Chenresig or Avalokitesvara. The Potala Palace was the chief residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India, after an invasion and failed uprising in 1959.
Lozang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, started the construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (d. 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa.It may overlay the remains of an earlier fortress, called the White or Red Palace,on the site built by Songtsen Gampo in 637.Today, the Potala Palace is a museum.
The building measures 400 metres east-west and 350 metres north-south, with sloping stone walls averaging 3 m. thick, and 5 m. (more than 16 ft) thick at the base, and with copper poured into the foundations to help proof it against earthquakes Thirteen stories of buildings -- containing over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues -- soar 117 metres (384 ft) on top of Marpo Ri, the "Red Hill", rising more than 300 m (about 1,000 ft) in total above the valley floor.
Tradition has it that the three main hills of Lhasa represent the "Three Protectors of Tibet." Chokpori, just to the south of the Potala, is the soul-mountain (bla-ri) of Vajrapani, Pongwari that of Manjushri, and Marpori, the hill on which the Potala stands, represents Chenresig or Avalokiteshvara.

(F) Le palais du Potala , est un palais-forteresse ou dzong du xviie siècle, situé à Lhassa, sur la colline de Marpari (« la colline rouge »), au centre de la vallée de Lhassa. Comprenant un « palais blanc » et un « palais rouge », ainsi que leurs bâtiments annexes, l'édifice incarne l'union du pouvoir spirituel et du pouvoir temporel et leur rôle respectif dans l'administration du Tibet. Construit par le cinquième dalaï-lama, Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682), le palais fut notamment le lieu de résidence principal des dalaï-lamas successifs, jusqu'à la fuite du quatorzième dalaï-lama en Inde après le soulèvement contre l'armée chinoise en 1959. Aujourd'hui, le quatorzième dalaï-lama réside à Dharamsala dans le nord de l'Inde et le palais est devenu un musée de la République populaire de Chine. Aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, cet édifice de treize étages comptait parmi les plus hauts du monde.

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