Mostly self-explanatory.

I glossed over the behavior of diagonals, but maybe I shouldn't have as it caused some confusion. The TL;DR is that diagonals don't matter unless you somehow don't know if diagonals are normalized or not. The detailed explanation is: There's basically two ways to do diagonals: normalized and unnormalized. unnormalized just means if you go diagonal, you go the normal X and Y speeds at the same time. Normalized means they are divided by the square root of 2, which provides a "proper" diagonal speed, so that you don't effectively move faster diagonally. Some games do sort of half-way where they make an approximation of them after the division, to make numbers that are less "messy" looking, and this is technically one of those, but it's very very close, the exact value would be 1C48C rather than 1C480. Generally you don't really need to pay attention to the diagonals, unless you're really interested in how it works or can't tell if they're normalized or not, because it's always going to be one or the other and anything else I don't think has ever actually been done.