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0:00 Ministry of Science and Higher Education
1:01 CHAPTER FIVE MOTIVATION AND EMOTIONS
4:07 5.1.2. Theories of motivation Sources of motivation are different - Instinct approaches to motivation
6:54 b Drive-reduction approaches to motivation This approach involved the concepts of needs and drives. Need A requirement of some material (food or water) that is essential for the survival of the organism. Drive A psychological tension and physical arousal to fulfill the need
15:27 d Incentive approaches: motivation's pull motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards (grades, money, affection, food, or sex).
22:08 e Cognitive Approaches: the thoughts behind motivation Motivation is a result of people's thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals.
23:31 f Humanistic approaches to motivation 1. Physiological needs: biological requirements for human
36:12 5.2. Emotions 5.2.1. Definition of emotion Feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by certain physical arousal and behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings
37:33 Elements of emotion The physiology of emotion Physical arousal created by the sympathetic nervous system Increases in heart rate, rapid breathing, the pupils
39:00 The behavior of emotion Facial expressions, body movements, and actions that indicate to others how a person feels. Facial expressions can vary across different cultures, although some aspects of facial expression seem to be universal
43:54 II. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Walter Cannon and (1927) and Philip Bard (1934). Sensory information that comes into the brain is sent simultaneously (by the thalamus) to both the cortex and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system Fear and the bodily reactions are therefore, experienced at the same time
46:06 III. Schechter-Singer and Cognitive Arousal Theory Two things have to happen before emotion occurs physical arousal and labeling of the arousal based on cues from the surrounding