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Welcome to Sonia Mam Chemistry**, your go-to channel for mastering chemistry concepts with ease and clarity! In this video, we dive into the fascinating world of **Fehling's Test**, a classic chemical test used to detect **aldehydes**. If you're a student studying organic chemistry or simply curious about chemical reactions, this video will help you understand the intricacies of Fehling's Test and how it differentiates between **aldehydes and **ketones**.

🧪 **What is Fehling's Test?
Fehling's Test is an essential qualitative test in organic chemistry used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones**. It relies on the unique ability of aldehydes to undergo oxidation while ketones generally do not react under the same conditions. This test is part of the broader class of tests for **reducing sugars and plays a significant role in identifying organic compounds with an aldehyde group (-CHO).

🧪 Objective of Fehling's Test
In this experiment, we aim to:
Understand how Fehling's Solution reacts with aldehydes.
Learn about the significance of Rochelle salt in Fehling's solution.
Observe the color change during the reaction that confirms the presence of aldehydes.

🧪 Key Concepts Covered in This Video:
1. What is Fehling's Solution?
Fehling's solution is made up of two components:
**Fehling’s A**: A blue aqueous solution of **copper(II) sulfate**.
**Fehling’s B**: A colorless solution of **potassium sodium tartrate**, also known as **Rochelle salt**, dissolved in a strong alkali, typically sodium hydroxide.

2. The Role of Copper(II) Sulfate
The Cu²⁺ ions from copper(II) sulfate are crucial for the reaction. They serve as the oxidizing agent and get reduced to Cu⁺**, which forms a reddish precipitate of **copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) in the presence of an aldehyde.

3. The Role of Rochelle Salt (Potassium Sodium Tartrate)**
Rochelle salt is important because it acts as a complexing agent**. It stabilizes the **Cu²⁺ ions in solution, preventing the copper from precipitating out in the form of hydroxides, and ensures that the copper ions remain available for the reaction with aldehydes.

4. The Chemistry Behind the Reaction
When an aldehyde reacts with Fehling’s solution, the aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylate ion**, and the **Cu²⁺ ions are reduced to **Cu⁺**, forming a brick-red precipitate of **Cu₂O (copper(I) oxide)**. This color change indicates the presence of an aldehyde in the test sample.

5. How Ketones Differ
Ketones, unlike aldehydes, do not react with Fehling's solution under normal conditions because they resist oxidation. This makes Fehling's test a reliable method to distinguish between these two classes of compounds.

🧪Step-by-Step Procedure for Fehling's Test
Here’s how to perform Fehling's Test in your lab or study environment:

1. Preparation of Fehling's Solution:
Mix equal volumes of Fehling's A (copper sulfate solution) and Fehling's B (Rochelle salt and sodium hydroxide solution) in a test tube. This forms a deep blue solution of copper(II) tartrate.

2. Add the Aldehyde:
To the freshly prepared Fehling’s solution, add a few drops of the aldehyde sample you wish to test. Common aldehydes tested include formaldehyde and **acetaldehyde**.

3. Heat the Mixture:
Gently heat the mixture in a boiling water bath. Observe the reaction over a few minutes.

4. Observe the Color Change:
If the test is positive, the blue solution will gradually turn into a brick-red or orange-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O)**, indicating the presence of an aldehyde. If the solution remains blue with no precipitate, this indicates either a **ketone or an absence of aldehyde.

🧪 Applications of Fehling's Test

Fehling's test has widespread use in both laboratory and **industrial applications**:

Distinguishing Aldehydes from Ketones**: One of the primary applications of Fehling’s test is to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones in organic analysis.


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