The Mexican Revolution had barely ended with the signing of the Constitution in 1917, but there were still small fronts remaining in the highlands of the state of Jalisco and the valleys and mountains of Michoacán. The peasants who had taken up arms against the wealthy landowners of the country, in search of justice and land redistribution, and who had survived, were just beginning to return to their towns and communities. Throughout the cities, towns, and haciendas of the country, the federal forces were still patrolling, trying to drive away the few revolutionaries who refused to surrender their weapons. Mexico was calmer, but there was not yet total peace in the country. In the north, Pancho Villa still wanted to fight; he refused an amnesty, and many revolutionaries remained attentive to his decisions.