This is a remake of a talk originally delivered in 2021. The Lumbee Indians in North Carolina have no reservation, no treaty with the United States, and no Native-American language, customs, or traditions. According to legend, they are said to be the descendants of the Lost Colony of Roanoke, who intermarried with Croatoan Indians. Throughout their history, they have claimed to be Cherokee, Cheraw, Waccammaw, and Tuscarora Indians. In 2021 the Lumbees lobbied to have a bill in the Senate to recognize them with full benefits, and Malinda Lowery, a professor of history at Emory University, who happens to be a Lumbee, argues that oral tradition is equal to documentary evidence. But historical evidence does matter if the Lumbees want to enjoy the full benefits of descent from a Native American tribe.