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Over 8,000 years ago, the first farmers of Europe moved into the fertile lands of the central Balkans. These people would develop complex societies and advanced technologies, as well as sophisticated artistic and ritual practices expressed in part through astonishing ceramic figurines. They were cattle herding crop growing farmers who lived in large settlements and they also developed the first metal working in Europe.

They may also have been warriors, waging war with stone maces and copper axes on their enemies. And they may have developed the earliest writing anywhere in the world. This is the incredible story of Europe’s first civilisation - the Vinča Culture.

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Sources

The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe: https://amzn.to/47R6Duo
Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective: https://amzn.to/42dzwja
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective: https://amzn.to/3wNDcqA
Enclosing the Neolithic World: A Vinča Culture Enclosed and Fortified Settlement in the Balkans - Dušan Borić et al
Osseous Raw Materials in the Vinča Culture - Selena Vitezović
Copper Artefacts and Their Social Role in the Vinča Culture - Radmila Balaban
Malachite finds in Vinča culture: evidence of early copper metallurgy in Serbia - Dragana Antonović
The Late Neolithic settlement mound Borđoš near Novi Bečej - Alexander Medovic
A Group Find of Neolithic Figurines of the Vinča Culture from Stubline, Serbia - Miloš Spasić
Group Portrait of the Early Agricultural Era - Ilia Palaguta
Fortifications and Enclosures in European Prehistory - William Arthur Parkinson
Warfare in Neolithic Thessaly: A Case Study - Curtis N. Runnels et al
Warfare in the European Neolithic - Jonas Christensen
Arrangement of Vinca culture figurines - Adam Crnobrnja
Group identities in the Central Balkan Late Neolithic - Adam Crnobrnja
Vinca Culture Settlement at Crkvine In Stubline: Household Organization and Urbanization In the Late Vinca Culture Period - Adam Crnobrnja & Marko A. Janković
The social organisation of the Vinča culture settlements - Rassmann et al
The Lives of Houses: Duration, Context, and History at Neolithic Uivar, Romania - Florin Draşovean et al
Are there cities and fairs in the Neolithic? - G. & C-M. Lazarovici
The End of the Vinča World - Dušan Borić
Vinca Symbols: https://www.omniglot.com/writing/vinc...
Old European Script: https://www.prehistory.it/ftp/winn2.htm

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Old European Culture:
https://oldeuropeanculture.blogspot.com/
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Video Chapters

00:00 The Vinča Culture
01:10 Sponsorship
02:31 the First Farmers
03:51 Early Vinča and Vinča-Belo Brdo
06:26 Vinča houses and settlements
08:38 Vinča burials and DNA
10:06 Vinča figurines
12:48 Vinča metallurgy
14:24 Vinča symbols - the first writing?
15:57 Vinča fortifications and warfare
18:29 Vinča warrior figurines
21:23 the Vinča legacy