In this lecture, we delve into the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India, highlighting its various powers and responsibilities. We begin by discussing the original jurisdiction of different courts, focusing on how criminal cases are initially handled by subordinate courts and civil cases by both subordinate and high courts. The Supreme Court, however, has original jurisdiction in federal disputes between the center and states or between states themselves. Importantly, individuals whose fundamental rights are violated can also directly approach the Supreme Court.

Next, we explore the writ jurisdiction, where the Supreme Court can issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, and others to protect fundamental rights. We then explain the appellate jurisdiction, where cases can be brought to the Supreme Court on appeal from lower courts.

We also cover the unique advisory jurisdiction under Article 143, allowing the President of India to seek the Supreme Court’s opinion on legal matters or pre-constitutional treaties. While the court's advice is not binding, it plays a significant role in guiding executive decisions. Lastly, we touch upon the Supreme Court’s role as a Court of Record, with its judgments holding evidentiary value and its power to punish for contempt of court.

This video offers an in-depth look at the various aspects of the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction, perfect for UPSC aspirants and those interested in Indian law.

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