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What is the Origin and Reason for Blond Hair?

Chapters:
0:00 Blond Hair
2:52 Origins of Blond Hair
5:11 Reasons for Blond Hair

What is the origin of blond hair and why did it develop in the first place? Now only around 2 percent of the world's population has naturally blond hair, and it is most common in northern Europe or people who have ancestry connected to Europe, but blond hair is also found across the world, from North Africa to Asia, and even among the native populations in places such as Fiji and the Solomon Islands. But why is this? Why does around 10% of the native population of the Solomon Islands have naturally blond hair? Well more on that latter.

In general, human hair colour is caused by varying amounts of two types of melanin: known eumelanin and pheomelanin.

Sources:

European women twice as likely to be blonde as men, study says - BBC News

Kenny EE, Timpson NJ, Sikora M, Yee MC, Moreno-Estrada A, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Stoneking M, Bustamante CD, Myles S. Melanesian blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1. Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):554. doi: 10.1126/science.1217849. PMID: 22556244; PMCID: PMC3481182.

Study identifies more than a hundred new genes that determine hair colour - King's College London (kcl.ac.uk)

Hysi, P.G., Valdes, A., Liu, F. et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals of European ancestry identifies new loci explaining a substantial fraction of hair color variation and heritability. Nat Genet 50, 652–656 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-01...

Blond - Wikipedia

The Origin of Blond Afros in Melanesia | Science | AAAS

Iosif Lazaridis et al.A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia.Science377,940-951(2022).DOI:10.1126/science.abq0755

Share of hair dye users* who dyed their hair in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2017, by color UK: most popular dyed hair colors 2017 | Statista

Guenther CA, Tasic B, Luo L, Bedell MA, Kingsley DM. A molecular basis for classic blond hair color in Europeans. Nat Genet. 2014 Jul;46(7):748-52. doi: 10.1038/ng.2991. Epub 2014 Jun 1. PMID: 24880339; PMCID: PMC4704868.

Mathieson I et al. The genomic history of southeastern Europe. Nature. 2018 Mar 8;555(7695):197-203. doi: 10.1038/nature25778. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29466330; PMCID: PMC6091220. The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe - PMC (nih.gov)

Zhang, F., Ning, C., Scott, A. et al. The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies. Nature 599, 256–261 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04...

Sulem P, et al. Genetic determinants of hair, eye and skin pigmentation in Europeans. Nat Genet. 2007 Dec;39(12):1443-52. doi: 10.1038/ng.2007.13. Epub 2007 Oct 21. PMID: 17952075.

Ancient North Eurasian - Wikipedia

The Origin of Blond Afros in Melanesia | Science | AAAS

Melanin - Wikipedia

Troy (2004) Official Trailer - Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Orlando Bloom Movie HD (youtube.com)

Afontova Gora - Wikipedia

Eastern Hunter-Gatherer - Wikipedia

Tarim mummies - Wikipedia

Creative Commons Imagery:

World map: DalGobboM - Phenotype map: Andrea Hanel, Carsten Carlberg File:Archaeogenetic analysis of human skin pigmentation in Europe (with Asia geographic extension).png - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons

Dark Tichondrias File:Light hair coloration map.png - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported | Creative Commons

Irene Scott/AusAID File:A close up shot of three junior AFL player holding footballs at the Lord Howe Settlement, Honiara. (10661462334).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. CC BY 2.0 Deed | Attribution 2.0 Generic | Creative Commons

Pohopetch File:Fenualoa Tuo school children.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported | Creative Commons

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