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Credits:

Dr. Allen Collins, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Dr. Rebecca Helm, Georgetown University / Smithsonian Institution
Dr. Sean Colin, Roger Williams University
Dr. Brad Gemmell, University of South Florida
Alexander Semenov, http://coldwater.science
Dr. Anders Garm, University of Copenhagen
Dr. Laura Miller, University of Arizona
Dr. Jack Costello, Providence College
Dr. Alvaro Migotto, University of São Paulo
Cole Gogo, www.colegoco.art
Nicholas Bezio
Dr. Kelly Sutherland, University of Oregon
Dr. Jamie Seymour, James Cook University
Dr. Jan Bielecki, Kiel University
Dr. Dan-E Nilsson, Lund University
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Citations:

Ames, C.L. et al. Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. Commun Biol 3, 67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-07...

Avian M, et al. A novel endocast technique providing a 3D quantitative analysis of the gastrovascular system in Rhizostoma pulmo: An unexpected through-gut in cnidaria. PLoS One. 2022 Aug 4;17(8):e0272023. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272023.

Avian M, et al. Asexual Reproduction and Strobilation of Sanderia malayensis (Scyphozoa, Pelagiidae) in Relation to Temperature: Experimental Evidence and Implications. Diversity. 2021; 13(2):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13020037

Beckmann, Anna & Özbek, Suat. (2012). The Nematocyst: a molecular map of the Cnidarian stinging organelle. The International journal of developmental biology. 56. 577-82. 10.1387/ijdb.113472ab.

Bielecki J, et al (2014) Ocular and Extraocular Expression of Opsins in the Rhopalium of Tripedalia cystophora (Cnidaria: Cubozoa). PLoS ONE 9(6): e98870. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098870

Colin SP, et al. Propulsion in cubomedusae: mechanisms and utility. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56393. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056393. Epub 2013 Feb 20.

Dabiri, J.O.et al. Jellyfish and Fish Solve the Challenges of Turning Dynamics Similarly to Achieve High Maneuverability. Fluids 2020, 5, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030106

Fuchs B, et al. Regulation of polyp-to-jellyfish transition in Aurelia aurita. Curr Biol. 2014 Feb 3;24(3):263-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.003.

Garm A, et al. Box jellyfish use terrestrial visual cues for navigation. Curr Biol. 2011 May 10;21(9):798-803. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.054.

Gavelis GS, et al. Microbial arms race: Ballistic "nematocysts" in dinoflagellates represent a new extreme in organelle complexity. Sci Adv. 2017 Mar 31;3(3):e1602552. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602552.

Gemmell BJ, et al. Passive energy recapture in jellyfish contributes to propulsive advantage over other metazoans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 29;110(44):17904-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1306983110.

Halkjær Wiisbye S, Garm A. Unique horizontal gaze control in the box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora. Vision Res. 2023 Feb;203:108159. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108159.

Hoover AP, Griffith BE, Miller LA. Quantifying performance in the medusan mechanospace with an actively swimming three-dimensional jellyfish model. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2017;813:1112-1155. doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.3

Hoover AP, Xu NW, Gemmell BJ, Colin SP, Costello JH, Dabiri JO, Miller LA. Neuromechanical wave resonance in jellyfish swimming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Mar 16;118(11):e2020025118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020025118.

Kass-Simon, Gabriele. (2002). The behavioral and developmental physiology of nematocysts. Canadian Journal of Zoology-revue Canadienne De Zoologie - CAN J ZOOL. 80. 1772-1794. 10.1139/z02-135.

Milisenda G, et al. Jellyfish as prey: frequency of predation and selective foraging of Boops boops (Vertebrata, Actinopterygii) on the mauve stinger Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). PLoS One. 2014 Apr 11;9(4):e94600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094600.

Santhanakrishnan, A et al. Flow structure and transport characteristics of feeding and exchange currents generated by upside-down Cassiopea jellyfish. J Exp Biol. 2012 Jul 15;215(Pt 14):2369-81. doi: 10.1242/jeb.053744.

Yanagihara, A et al. (2002). Ultrastructure of a novel eurytele nematocyst of Carybdea alata Reynaud (Cubozoa, Cnidaria). Cell and tissue research. 308. 307-18. 10.1007/s00441-002-0545-8.