A Network Administrator is responsible for the health, security, and optimal performance of a network.

Core Concepts:

IP Addressing and Subnetting: Understanding IPv4, IPv6, CIDR notation, and subnet masks.

Routing Protocols: OSPF, BGP, EIGRP, and RIP – knowing how data gets from one network to another.

Switching Concepts: VLANs, STP, MAC addressing, Trunking, and EtherChannel.

Network Security: Firewalls (NGFW), VPNs (IPsec, SSL), and IDS/IPS systems.


Key Tools:

Wireshark: Packet capture and analysis tool.

Nmap: Network scanning and vulnerability discovery tool.

NetFlow/SFlow/IPFIX: For traffic monitoring and network behavior analysis.

Nagios/Zabbix: Open-source tools for network and server monitoring.

SolarWinds: Popular network monitoring tool (NPM) for infrastructure and application performance monitoring.

PuTTY/Terminals: SSH/Telnet clients for accessing network devices remotely.


Ports:

Common Ports: FTP (21), SSH (22), DNS (53), HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), SMTP (25), POP3 (110), IMAP (143).

Unknown Ports (Obscure Use Cases): NetBIOS (139, 445), and other less-used ones that can be critical in unique legacy setups or attacks.

Monitoring & Logging:

Syslog Servers: Collect logs from all devices for auditing and troubleshooting.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Enables the monitoring of device health and performance through MIBs.



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