Democracy, derived from the Greek words "demos" (people) and "kratos" (power or rule), is a political system in which power is vested in the hands of the people. It is characterized by the participation of citizens in decision-making processes, typically through the election of representatives or direct involvement in governance. The foundational principles of democracy include individual rights, political pluralism, and the idea that all citizens are equal before the law. Democracy fosters an environment that encourages free speech, diversity of opinions, and the protection of minority rights. It allows for peaceful power transitions through regular elections, contributing to political stability. While democracy has proven to be a resilient and adaptable system, its success depends on the active engagement of citizens, the protection of fundamental rights, and the establishment of strong institutions to ensure checks and balances within the government.