Al-Jazari, one of the greatest inventors during the Golden Age of Islam, developed concepts crucial to devices we still use today. In this episode, Sabrina recreates Al-Jazari's drumming automaton - or drumming robot!

#HistoryRemadeWithSabrina

Subscribe for more HISTORY:
http://histv.co/SubscribeHistoryYT

Check out exclusive HISTORY content:
History Newsletter - https://histv.co/newsletter
Website - https://histv.co/History
Facebook - https://histv.co/Facebook
Twitter - https://histv.co/Twitter

HISTORY® is the leading destination for award-winning original series and specials that connect viewers with history in an informative, immersive, and entertaining manner across all platforms. The network’s all-original programming slate features a roster of hit series, premium documentaries, and scripted event programming.

CREDITS

Executive Producer
Sabrina Cruz
Melissa Fernandes
Taha Khan

Producer
Molly Williams
Researcher
Chloë Binderup

Craft Engineer
Jade Codinera
Writer
Sabrina Cruz

Host
Sabrina Cruz

Director
Melissa Fernandes

B-Cam / DIT
River Shepperd

Sound
Edison Dietrich

Production Assistant
Gabrielle Augustin

Story Editor
Stephanie Castillo

Editor
Chase Madsen

Animators
Krisztina Varga
Olivér Varga

Executive Producers
Sarah Walker
Brian Huffman

Executive Creative Director, A+E Networks
Tim Nolan

VP, Marketing Production, A+E Networks
Kate Leonard

VP, Brand Creative, History
Matt Neary

Music Courtesy of
Audio Network

Additional Footage and Photos Provided By
Wikimedia Commons
Pexels.com
Freepik.com
Metmuseum.org
Library of Congress

Produced by Answer in Progress for HISTORY®
©2021 A&E TELEVISION NETWORKS, LLC

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

SOURCES:
al-Jazari, I. (1315). Miniature from a manuscript source of Kitab al-j ˆ ami’ bayan al-’ilm wa al-’amal ˆ al-nafi’ f ˆ ˆı sina’at al-hiyal ˆ . Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Inventory Number F1942.10.

al-Jazari, I. (1974). The book of ingenious mechanical devices (kitab fi ma’rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya) (D. R. Hill, Trans.). Dordecht, Holland: D. Reidel

al-Jazarī I.R. (1974) The water-clock of the drummers. In: The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-25...

Automaton violinist. Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal and Gazette, XXVIII, 156-157. Retrieved from http://books.google.com Anon. (Samedi 25 Mai, 1846).

Brewster, D. (1832). The Edinburgh encyclopedia. Joseph and Edward Parker; William Brown, printer. Caniggia Nicolotti, M., & Poggianti, L. (2015).

Chen, Yu-Hsun et al. "A Historical Study And Mechanical Classification Of Ancient Music-Playing Automata". Mechanism And Machine Theory, vol 121, 2018, pp. 273-285. Elsevier BV, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachthe....

Hill, Donald R. "Mechanical Engineering In The Medieval Near East". Scientific American, vol 264, no. 5, 1991, pp. 100-105. Springer Science And Business Media LLC, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificame....

"History Of Science And Technology In Islam". History-Science-Technology.Com, 2021, http://www.history-science-technology....

Koetsier, Teun. "On The Prehistory Of Programmable Machines: Musical Automata, Looms, Calculators". Mechanism And Machine Theory, vol 36, no. 5, 2001, pp. 589-603. Elsevier BV, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-114x(01....

Krzyzaniak, Michael. "Prehistory Of Musical Robots". Journal Of Human-Robot Interaction, vol 1, no. 1, 2012, pp. 78-95., https://doi.org/DOI 10.5898/JHRI.1.1.

Rosenthal, Franz. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 96, no. 2, American Oriental Society, 1976, pp. 309–10, https://doi.org/10.2307/599851.

Schiøler, Thorkild. Isis, vol. 68, no. 1, [The University of Chicago Press, The History of Science Society], 1977, pp. 147–48, http://www.jstor.org/stable/230409.

Şen, Zekâi. "Ancient Water Robotics And Abou-L Iz Al-Jazari". Water Supply, vol 13, no. 3, 2013, pp. 699-709. IWA Publishing, https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.031.

Tylus, Jane. “Editor’s Note.” I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance, vol. 18, no. 1, [The University of Chicago Press, Villa I Tatti, The Harvard Center for Italian Renaissance Studies], 2015, pp. 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1086/680557.

Verbit, Gilbert P. The Origins Of The Trust. G.P. Verbit, 2002.

Williams, Howard. "Digging Into The Dark Ages". 2021.