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Sources:

Barney, William L. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Bateman, Fred, and Thomas Joseph Weiss. A Deplorable Scarcity: The Failure of Industrialization in the Slave Economy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981.

Boritt, Gabor S. Why the Confederacy Lost. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Escott, Paul D. “Evaluating Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederacy.” In The battlefield and Beyond: Essays on the American Civil War, edited by Clayton E. Jewett. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012.

Hill, D. H. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. New York: Century Co., 1887-88.

Knight, Timothy. Panic, Prosperity, and Progress: Five Centuries of History and the Markets. Newark: Wiley, 2014.

Lincoln, Abraham. “Order of Retaliation.” Executive Order, July 30, 1863.

McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

U.S. National Park Service, ed. The Civil War Remembered. Virginia Beach: Donning Co. Publishers, 2011.

Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Smith, Sam. “Black Confederates: Truth and Legend.” American Battlefield Trust, February 23, 2022. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/ar....

South Carolina Convention. Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union; and the Ordinance of Secession. Charleston: Evans & Cogswell, printers to the Convention, 1860.

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