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Diatoms are unicellular, eukaryotic (cells in which the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane, photosynthetic (i.e. they require light for the process of photosynthesis) microorganisms. Their cell wall is made up of a very hard material called silica which makes them resistant to acid digestion.
Diatoms have been used in forensic science in a variety of ways, the most frequent being the diagnosis of death by drowning. When a person drowns, water will enter the lungs and then enter the bloodstream through ruptures in the peripheral alveoli before being carried to the other organs such as the liver and heart.
Hence we can determine if the drowning was ante mortem or post mortem.
Tests for diatoms include acid digestion test and soluene 350 test.

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