Yellow sapphire, also known as Pukhraj in Vedic astrology, is a gemstone of the corundum mineral family and is primarily composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) with traces of iron. These iron impurities are responsible for the gem’s distinctive yellow color, which can vary from light to deep, vivid yellow depending on the concentration and type of iron present. Yellow sapphires are prized for their beauty, durability, and metaphysical properties, making them highly sought after in both the world of jewelry and astrology.

This gemstone is considered one of the "big four" precious stones alongside diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. As a member of the corundum family, yellow sapphire shares its chemical composition with other sapphires, including blue and pink sapphires, differing only in terms of the trace elements responsible for its color.

Let’s delve into the various aspects of yellow sapphire to explore its formation, properties, cultural significance, uses, and care.