Molecular Basis of Inheritance 07 | Process of Translation & tRNA Structure | in Bengali | Class 12th NEET Biology | NCERT/CBSC/WBCHSE/CUET/JENPUS | Arnab Sir ‪@genusofbiology231‬
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Translation in biology refers to the process by which the genetic code contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to produce a specific protein. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, following transcription, where DNA is first copied into mRNA. Translation is a crucial step in gene expression, and it involves several key components:

mRNA: Carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome.
Ribosome: The cellular machinery that reads the mRNA sequence and synthesizes the protein.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): Delivers the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons (three nucleotide sequences) in the mRNA.
Amino Acids: The building blocks of proteins.
Codons: Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.
Steps of Translation:
Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the mRNA, and the first tRNA (carrying methionine, corresponding to the start codon AUG) binds to the mRNA.
Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading codons, and tRNAs bring the correct amino acids to form the growing polypeptide chain.
Termination: When the ribosome encounters a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), translation stops, and the newly synthesized protein is released.
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Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:30 Structure of tRNA
12:31 Activation of Amino Acid
19:53 Translation
27:13 Process of Translation
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