The song was performed for the first time in 1929 at the 2nd International Workers' Youth Day in Vienna. The song became more widespread in 1934 during and after the Civil War between the Austrian labor movement and Social Democratic Party and the Fascist authoritarian dictatorship and its organizations. In Vienna, Styria and Upper Austria in particular, workers spontaneously rose up against Austrofascism without any central leadership. Their struggle was bloodily suppressed, but the "Die Arbeiter von Wien" song became part of the international anti-fascist song repertoire.

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