Complications of DM
1. Acute Complications:
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic syndrome (HHS)
B. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

2. Chronic Complications:
A. Microvasular ( daibetic cadiomyopathy, daibetic nephropathy, daibetic neuropathy, daibetic retinopathy, daibetic encephalopathy)
B. Macrovascular ( stroke, coronary artery disease, myonecrosis, diabetic foot)

*** Pathogenesis of microvascular complications:
1. polyol pathway
2. Advanced Glycation End Products ( AGE)
3. Ptotein Kinase C ( PK C) activation
4. Oxidative Stress
5. Hexosamine pathway
6. Growth Factors & cytokines

** Pathogenesis of macrovascular complications:
1. Atheroscelerosis
2. Hypercoagulability