Sebanyak 99% dari semua makhluk hidup yang pernah ada di dunia… udah punah. Para ahli ngira-ngira kalo sekarang ada lebih dari 8 juta spesies di bumi. Dan dari jumlah yang segitu banyak, baru seperempatnya yang berhasil dicatet. Itu pun kemungkinan salah itungnya cukup tinggi karena susah buat neliti para bakteri dan makhluk superkecil lainnya. Tapi, ya, balik lagi, bayangin ini semua baru 1% dari semua spesies yang pernah ada. Ngerinya lagi, ternyata hampir semuanya punah dari lima peristiwa mematikan yang pernah terjadi: kepunahan massal. Dan gilanya, kita mungkin lagi ada di ambang kepunahan massal selanjutnya…

Enjoy the video!

---

📺 Follow Kok Bisa
Website: https://kokbisa.id (📝 artikel mendalam seru tiap 2 minggu)
Discord: https://www.kokbisa.id/discord (💬 ngobrol seru sesama pencinta sains)
Instagram:   / kokbisa   (🖼️ infografik baru tiap hari)
TikTok:   / kokbisachannel   (📱 video singkat seru)
Twitter:   / kokbisachannel   (📞 diskusi di space tiap 2 minggu)

---

For business inquiries: [email protected]

---

References:
6 ways extinction and nature loss hurt people. (n.d.). The Wilderness Society.
Amindoni, A. (2020, March 26). Perubahan iklim: Pesisir Indonesia terancam tenggelam, puluhan juta jiwa akan terdampak. BBC News Indonesia.
Carrington, D. (2023, February 24). Ecosystem collapse ‘inevitable’ unless wildlife losses reversed. The Guardian.
Cooper, G., Dearing, J., & Willcock, S. (2023, 22 June). Ecological doom-loops: why ecosystem collapses may occur much sooner than expected – new research. The Conversation.
Dutfield, S., & Magazine, H. I. W. (2021, May 17). The 5 mass extinction events that shaped the history of Earth — and the 6th that’s happening now. livescience.com.
Greshko, M. (2019, September 26). What are mass extinctions, and what causes them? Science.
Irfan, U. (2020, June 6). “Extinction breeds extinctions”: How losing one species can wipe out many more. Vox.
IUCN 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-1.
Lamkin, M., & Miller, A. I. (2016). On the Challenge of Comparing Contemporary and Deep-Time Biological-Extinction Rates. BioScience, 66(9), 785–789.
Lumban-Gaol, J., Nababan, B., Amri, K., & Roswintiarti, O. (2012). Climate change impact on Indonesian Fisheries. ResearchGate.
Mahon, M. B., Sack, A., Aleuy, O. A., Barbera, C., Brown, E., Buelow, H., Civitello, D. J., Cohen, J. M., De Wit, L. A., Forstchen, M., Halliday, F. W., Heffernan, P., Knutie, S. A., Korotasz, A., Larson, J. G., Rumschlag, S. L., Selland, E., Shepack, A., Vincent, N., & Rohr, J. R. (2024). A meta-analysis on global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease. Nature, 629(8013), 830–836.
Montreal Protocol emerges as a powerful climate treaty. (2023, January 11). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
National Geographic Society. (2021, June 21). Biodiversity. National Geographic Education.
Our World in Data (2022, December 8). Number of described species based on International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (2022).
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2024, March 11). How many species are there? Our World in Data.
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2024, March 9). There have been five mass extinctions in Earth’s history. Our World in Data.
Santora, T. (2020, November 8). How long do most species last before going extinct? livescience.com.
Song, H., Kemp, D. B., Tian, L., Chu, D., Song, H., & Dai, X. (2021). Thresholds of temperature change for mass extinctions. Nature Communications, 12(1).
Stratton, S. V. (2021, June 2). Externalities: It’s What Pandemics, Pollution and Puppies Have in Common. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Swaddle, J. P., & Calos, S. E. (2008). Increased Avian Diversity Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Human West Nile Infection: Observation of the Dilution Effect. PLoS ONE, 3(6), e2488.
This is how Costa Rica almost doubled the size of its rainforests in a generation. (2021, October 12). World Economic Forum.
University of Sheffield. (2023, June 23). Ecological “doom loops” edging closer, study warns.
Vince, G. (2022, February 24). A looming mass extinction caused by humans.
Vox. (2021, November 24). Why you don’t hear about the ozone layer anymore [Video]. YouTube.
What is mass extinction and are we facing a sixth one? (2021, May 19). Natural History Museum.
What is Sustainable Agriculture? (2023, August 23). Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program.
Willcock, S., Cooper, G. S., Addy, J., & Dearing, J. A. (2023). Earlier collapse of Anthropocene ecosystems driven by multiple faster and noisier drivers. Nature Sustainability, 6(11), 1331–1342.
What is climate change and why does it matter? (2020, February 21). Natural History Museum.
World Bank Group. (2023). Hot Water Rising: The Impact of Climate Change on Indonesia’s Fisheries and Coastal Communities. In World Bank.
---
A massive THANK YOU to everyone for watching this and for all of your support!