THE FOLLOWING IS A 3D ANIMATION VIDEO OF THE MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
The kidneys are located behind the upper abdomen, behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal), in front of the last two ribs and the three major muscles (transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum and psoas major) below the liver and spleen. At the top (superior) of the kidney are the adrenal glands (also called suprarenal glands). The two kidneys are located around vertebrae T12 to L3. Kidneys in adults measure 11-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, 2.3-3 cm thick, about the size of an adult human fist. The weight of the two kidneys is less than 1% of the total body weight or approximately between 120-150 grams.
Kidney Shaped like a bean seed, with indentations facing in. There are 2 in number, left and right, the left kidney is larger than the right kidney and in general, the male kidney is longer than the female kidney. The right kidney is usually located slightly lower than the left kidney to provide space for the large right lobe of the liver. The kidneys are held in that position by thick fat pads. Both kidneys are covered by two layers of fat (perirenal fat and pararenal fat) which help absorb shocks. Each kidney is covered by a thin membrane called a fibrous capsule, there is a renal cortex on the outside, which is dark brown in color, and the renal medulla on the inside, which is lighter brown than the cortex. The cone-shaped part of the medulla is called the renal pyramids, the top of the cone facing the calyx which consists of small holes called the renal papilla. The hilum is the concave medial border of the kidney as the entrance for blood vessels, lymph vessels, ureters and nerves. The renal pelvis is funnel-shaped which receives urine produced by the kidneys. Divided into two or three calyx renalis majores, each of which will branch into two or three calyx renalis minores. The medulla is divided into triangular sections called pyramids. The pyramids are surrounded by a portion of the cortex and are composed of segments of the tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons. The papilla or apex of each pyramid forms the papillary ducts of bellini, which are formed from the union of the terminal parts of many collecting ducts.

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