There are various means that we can use to determine fluid/volume responsiveness in our critically ill patients during resuscitation. These include passive leg raise (PLR) with stroke volume (SV) changes, stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), VTI, etc. End-expiratory occlusion testing (EEO/EEOP/EEXPO) can be performed on patients who are on mechanical ventilation in the ICU or emergency department.

Show Notes: https://eddyjoemd.com/end-expiratory-...

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