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Tyres
Racing Car Glossary
DieCast & Cars

Formula 1 Racing Tyres Season 2024, single supplier: Pirelli

Technical specifications – Sizes
Front: 305/720-18
Rear: 405/720-18
305 - 405 indicates tyre width in millimetres (mm)
720 tyre outer diameter in millimetres (mm)
18 is the diameter of the rim in inches (18" x 25.4 = 457.2 mm)
shoulder approximately 130 mm [= (720 mm - 457 mm)/2]

Technical specifications – compounds
There are five slick compounds within the range, numbered from one to five, from hardest to softest.
These are known as C1 to C5, with the ‘C’ standing for ‘compound’. Initially the hardest C0 compound was studied, but then eliminated.
Two types are provided for wet conditions:
"Intermediate" are suitable for wet track conditions and light rain, but can be used with the track during drying. They have a very wide range of use.
"Full wet" tyres are suitable for heavy rain. They have the ability to drain large amounts of water from the tread.

Types of tyres for Grand Prix
Pirelli provides three different compounds of slick tyres to be used at each Grand Prix, as well as the intermediate and full-wet tyre, for teams to utilise over a race weekend. The three compounds are chosen among the five available taking into account track characteristics and climates. The three different compounds of slick tyre are identified in red (soft), yellow (medium), white (hard); while the intermediates are green and the full wet blue.
All drivers must use a minimum of two compound types per race in dry weather.
In F1 tyre is used nitrogen to inflating.
Why are they smooth ?
Devoid of any groove in the tire, these tires can provide the greatest possible grip surface with tarmac, maximizing traction.

“Bringing tyres to temperature” means subjecting them to a thermal cycle, the material with which the tyre is made has an optimal operating temperature, but given the stages of competition will heat and cool continuously going to alter its composition losing its characteristics of adhesion and wear more or less fast (“Tyre degradation” - “Tyre Deg”).

“Blistering” occurs when the internal carcass temperature of the tyre is hotter than the outside, so a hot pocket of air and rubber can form inside the tyre and expand beneath the tread, ultimately bursting and breaking a chunk of the tyre tread away.
“Graining” occurs when the surface temperature of the tyre is hotter than the carcass temperature, the very hot outer surface of the tyre can easily distort under high loads. Sometimes, if the graining is light, the tires can "clean" and resume a good level of grip.
“Marbles” are the bits of tyre that break off during graining.

“Flat Spot” is a concentrated wear of the tyre due to a sudden braking. Depending on the size it can cause strong vibrations such as to force the pilot to replace the tires.

https://www.pirelli.com/tyres/en-ww/m...

https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/ar...