The Homi Bhabha and Cockcroft Walton lecture series is a bilateral exchange of lecturers between the Institute of Physics (IOP) and Indian Physics Association (IPA). The IOP and IPA have been running the lecture series successfully since 1998 and speakers from the UK & Ireland and India are chosen to deliver lectures on topics that focus on global challenges that physics plays an integral role in solving. The 2023 speaker, Rajesh Veeraraghvan, is a graduate in Mechanical Engineering. He began his career in Nuclear in 1990 and today is on the Board of Directors of NPCIL as Director (Technical) and recognised as an Outstanding Scientist of the Department of Atomic Energy. His talk is focused on how fossil fuel has played a significant role in the industrial revolution of the world, but its adverse effects on global weather conditions have surpassed its benefits. Most of the developed as well as developing countries have recognised the need to address climate change concerns and agreed to reach the target of net zero carbon emissions between 2050 and 2070. Fossil fuels currently account for a large portion of the global energy basket. The world has to transition away from fossil fuels to emission-free sources of energy in the next few decades and ensure an energy transition approach that provides long-term energy security while addressing climate change issues.