Operation Epsilon: Heisenberg and the German Bomb. Farm Hall transcripts. German Uranium Project

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Videos mentioned:
Critical Mass: when the atomic bomb got real    • Critical Mass: when the atomic bomb g...  
Physics of a Nuclear Explosion    • Physics of a nuclear explosion  
Series on Nuclear Weapons Physics    • Physics of Nuclear Weapons  

Papers:
- The History of ‘Hitler's Atomic Bomb’ needs to be corrected, M. Popp (2015) - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
- Why Hitler Did Not Have Atomic Bombs, M. Popp (2021) https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4362/2/1/2
- The Peculiarities of the German Uranium Project, M. Popp & de Klerk (2023) https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4362/4/3/40

Special thanks to:
- The Hoover Institution Archives for kindly allowing the use of the Alsos Mission Films, part of the Boris T. Pash papers
- the American Institute of Physics for permission to access and use the secret documents captured during the Alsos Mission, now part of the Samuel A. Goudsmit papers; and
- Professor Manfred Popp for internal communication and documents.

Affiliate links (may earn a commission)
The Night of the Physicists: Operation Epsilon https://amzn.to/483wpfZ
The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall https://amzn.to/41tJ4Gx
Operation Epsilon, The Farm Hall Transcripts https://amzn.to/472uBCA
Operation Epsilon https://amzn.to/476PWuD
Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists https://amzn.to/48qrDsz
Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb https://amzn.to/3tq8BUq
Alsos https://amzn.to/3RMXz4Z

Credits:
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 1, Hoover Institution Archives    • Boris T. Pash papers, Reel 1 of 4: "A...  
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 2, Hoover Institution Archives    • Boris T. Pash papers, Reel 2 of 4: "A...  
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 3, Hoover Institution Archives    • Boris T. Pash papers, Reel 3 of 4: "A...  
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 4, Hoover Institution Archives    • Boris T. Pash papers, Reel 4 of 4: "A...  
Operation Epsilon, National Archives and Records Administration https://discovery.nationalarchives.go...
A portrait of LTG Leslie R. Groves by U.S. Army, public domain
Alsos team at cache of uranium by AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives
Germany map by Freepik https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/g...
Stern-Gerlach experiment by Theresa Knott under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Alsos members by U.S. Army, public domain
US map by Freepik https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/f...
Quantum projection of S by Theresa Knott under CC BY-SA 3.0
Alsos aircraft by Mickey Thurgood, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
Semi-empirical mass formula diagram adapted from Daniel FR under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Farm-Hall by sps1955 under CC BY 2.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Tape recorder by Cottonbro Studio on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/a-vintag...
Typewriter by KoolShooters on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/video/hands-ty...
BBC radio microphone by Leif Jørgensen under CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Critical mass by Fastfission, public domain
Heidelberg cyclotron, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
French cyclotron, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris by Edal under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Cyclotron diagram, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
Heidelberg cyclotron courtesy of Archives of the Max Planck Society, Berlin
Graphitkugel fuer Hochtemperaturreaktor by Stefan Kühn, public domain
Walther Bothe portrait courtesy of Archives of the Max Planck Society, Berlin
Haigerloch reactor replica by ArtMechanic under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Baseball card of Morris "Moe" Berg by Goudey, public domain
The Catcher Was a Spy poster by Animus Films/PalmStar Media/Serena Films/Windy Hill Productions
Heisenberg papers by Springer Berlin
Kosmische Strahlung cover by Springer Berlin
Particle cascade by Theturnipmaster under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Albert Speer by the German Federal Archive (Deutsches Bundesarchiv) under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE Deed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...

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