Economic activities | primary secondary tertiary quaternary | in hindi | human geography | economic gk





Rishabh IAS Academy | RIA





what is economic activities
मानवीय क्रिया, आर्थिक क्रियाएँ



परिचय-जिन मानवीय क्रियाओं से आय प्राप्त होती है, उन्हें आर्थिक क्रियाएँ कहते हैं। आर्थिक क्रियाएँ मुख्यतः निम्नलिखित चार प्रकार की होती हैं :
प्राथमिक क्रियाकलाप-
द्वितीयक क्रियाकलाप
तृतीयक क्रियाकलाप
चतुर्थक क्रियाकलाप

Introduction-The human activities which generate income are called economic activities. Economic activities are mainly of the following four types:

1. Primary activities - The activities in which man fulfills his needs and desires by directly using the resources given by nature are called primary activities. These are directly related to the conditions of the natural environment. Collecting, hunting, cutting wood from forests; Cattle grazing in grasslands; fishing from rivers, lakes and seas; Obtaining milk, meat, skins etc. from animals; Farming in fertile plains and extracting minerals from mines are important examples of primary occupations. Although people are engaged in primary occupations in almost all parts of the world, but most of the residents of Asia, Africa, South America and the northern polar regions are employed in primary occupations. Most of the primary occupations are simple, traditional and symbolic of the tribal economic and social structure.

2. Secondary activities - In these activities, the resources provided by nature are not used directly, rather they are used after cleaning, refining or converting them. In this category of businesses, mainly the materials obtained from primary businesses are converted into finished goods. Making steel from iron, flour from wheat, etc., cotton clothes from cotton, sugar from sugarcane, making furniture and paper from wood etc. are all examples of secondary business. Thus all manufacturing industries are secondary businesses.

3. Tertiary Activities-Tertiary business includes personal and professional services provided to communities. This business is also called 'service category'. Transport, communication, trade, health, education and administrative services are important examples of tertiary business. People engaged in this business do not directly produce any goods, but serve the society through their efficiency and technical ability.

4. Quaternary activities-Jean Gottmann has included only direct services in tertiary production. According to him, indirect services are quaternary activities. From this point of view, research, teaching, leadership, management etc. are quaternary professions. This category includes professions of scientists, doctors, lawyers, teachers, leaders, managers, policemen, writers, artists, musicians and many other people.


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