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Embark on a journey through the life and legacy of Voltaire, one of the Enlightenment's most prolific and influential thinkers. Born François-Marie Arouet in 1694 in Paris, Voltaire became renowned for his sharp wit, his critical essays, and his fierce advocacy for civil liberties, including freedom of speech and religious tolerance.

Early Life and Education: Voltaire was educated at the Collège Louis-le-Grand, a Jesuit school in Paris, where he received a classical education but also developed a lasting skepticism of organized religion and the absolute monarchy. His quick wit and intellect made him popular among some sections of society but led to conflicts with authorities and even a stint in the Bastille for his satirical verse.

Literary Career: Voltaire's literary output was vast and varied, encompassing plays, poetry, novels, essays, historical and scientific works, and over 20,000 letters. He is perhaps best known for his satirical novella, Candide, which criticizes religious hypocrisy and the optimist philosophy that all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. This work remains a cornerstone of French literature and has inspired countless discussions on philosophy and the human condition.

Exile and Travels: Voltaire's outspoken nature often led to trouble, including multiple exiles from France. One of his most productive periods was during his stay at Cirey in the Champagne region, where he lived with his intellectual companion, Émilie du Châtelet. He also spent several years in exile in England, where he was influenced by the works of Shakespeare and the ideas of empirical science and constitutional monarchy.

Philosophical and Political Influence: A fierce critic of the French monarchy and the Catholic Church, Voltaire advocated for a rationalist approach to society and government. His works and ideas were influential in promoting the values of the Enlightenment, such as reason, empirical evidence, and the questioning of traditional authority. He corresponded with many other intellectuals of his time and had a profound impact on the intellectual discussions of the 18th century.

Later Years and Legacy: Voltaire returned to Paris towards the end of his life and was celebrated as a cultural hero. He continued to write until his death in 1778. Today, Voltaire is remembered not only as a defining figure of the French Enlightenment but also as an early champion of civil rights, including the fight against slavery and the use of torture.

Impact on Modern Thought: Voltaire's advocacy for freedom of thought and expression laid the groundwork for modern democratic philosophies and civil liberties. His critical approach to tradition and authority has made him a perennial figure of respect and admiration in the annals of history.

Explore the life of Voltaire to understand the depth of his influence on both the French Enlightenment and the broader quest for freedom and reason in modern society. His enduring legacy is a testament to the power of the pen in the struggle for fundamental human rights and justice.

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Information sourced from Wiki, Gutenburg, JSTOR, primary and secondary sources. All information is congruent with archaeological and history evidence at the time of recording.