This video shows a Trabeculated urinary bladder with Vesical Mass, Large Vesical stone, and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.
One of the basic abdominal organs that are assessed during transabdominal ultrasound examination is the urinary bladder. The bladder must be filled with urine. This is a prerequisite for a reliable assessment and, at the same time, an acoustic window in examining adjacent structures and organs, for instance, the prostate gland and female genital organs. Sonography enables the detection of 95% of exophytic lesions within the urinary bladder with a diameter exceeding 5 mm. Mostly, it is carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Due to its malignant character and the need for aggressive surgical treatment, a correct diagnosis of this disease is essential for patients. As the lack of adequate treatment and delayed treatment considerably affect the prognosis.
Trabeculation of the bladder affects the amount of urine that the urinary bladder can hold and the way that it's emptied. A trabeculated bladder is no longer able to expand when filled with urine and contract when emptied.
The normal bladder wall had a mean thickness of 2.76 mm when the bladder is almost empty and 1.55 mm when it is distended. There is a linear relationship between bladder fullness and bladder wall thickness; the upper limits are 3 and 5 mm for a full or empty bladder respectively.
Bladder outlet obstruction can arise from a number of conditions affecting the urethra and/or bladder outlet but is most commonly encountered in elderly men due to Prostate enlargement.
Obstruction can be caused by multiple etiologies but is most often seen from urethral strictures, mass lesions within the periurethral region, prostate enlargement, and congenital urethral valves.
Radiographic features On radiographic evaluation, the bladder wall appears thickened and trabeculated. Urinary retention is noted with increased post-void residual on sonographic or voiding studies.
Vesical Tumors can be either benign or cancerous. Bladder cancer or bladder tumors are relatively common, and most bladder tumors are cancerous.
Most bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage when the cancer is highly treatable. But even early-stage bladder cancers can come back after successful treatment. For this reason, people with bladder cancer typically need follow-up tests for years after treatment to look for bladder cancer that recurs.
The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine passes out of the body. An enlarged prostate means the gland has grown bigger in size. Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they get older. An enlarged prostate is often called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Conditions that can lead to symptoms similar to those caused by enlarged prostate include Urinary tract infection. Inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis). Narrowing of the urethra (urethral stricture)
The normal prostate gland has measures 3 × 3 × 5 cm approximately or a volume of 25 ml to 30 ml.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the prostate, a common condition among men over 45 years of age. Other tests such as urine flow study, digital rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, cystoscopy, ultrasound, or prostate MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Risk factors of BPH
Increasing age
Family history
Race: Blacks more than Whites more than Asians
Cardiovascular disease
Use of beta-blockers
Metabolic syndrome: diabetes, hypertension, obesity.