Tonsils: Two lymphatic tissues located at the back of the throat, trapping and neutralizing bacteria and viruses.

Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, especially Group A Streptococcus.

Symptoms: Severe sore throat, especially when swallowing, swollen and enlarged tonsils, white or yellowish patches on the tonsils, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Bacterial vs Viral: Most tonsillitis cases are viral, but about 30% are due to Group A Streptococcus bacteria, which can lead to serious complications.

Diagnosis: The Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) is commonly used to quickly detect Group A Streptococcus in throat swabs.

Complications: Can include post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which involves immune complexes damaging the kidneys, leading to symptoms like proteinuria and hematuria.

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: Not caused by bacteria directly attacking the kidneys but by immune complexes depositing in the glomeruli, causing inflammation and kidney damage.

Treatment for Viral Tonsillitis: Supportive care such as hydration, rest, saltwater gargles, and pain relievers like ibuprofen.

Treatment for Bacterial Tonsillitis: First-line antibiotics like penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days, with alternatives for those allergic to penicillin.

Surgical Option: Tonsillectomy, the removal of the tonsils, is recommended for recurrent infections, complications, or sleep apnea due to tonsillitis.

Tonsillectomy: An effective procedure with a high cure rate and few side effects, sometimes involving the removal of adenoids as well.

Spread of Tonsillitis: Commonly spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing and direct contact, making it easily spreadable in close-contact environments like schools.

Bad Breath: Caused by bacterial growth, especially Group A Streptococcus, which produces sulfur-containing compounds leading to halitosis.

Prevention: Good hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, help prevent the spread of tonsillitis.

Chronic Tonsillitis: If untreated, tonsillitis can become chronic, leading to recurrent infections and the potential need for more aggressive treatments like surgery.
Disclaimer:

This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.